Chokshi SK, Mann DM. (2018). Innovating from within: A process model for user-centered digital development in academic medical centers. JMIR Human Factors. 5(4): e11048. doi: 10.2196/11048
Researchers described a model for user-centered design of digital health tools based on concepts used in commercial digital development and experience supporting digital health development and implementation efforts in an academic medical center. The process model included four iterative phases designed to optimize acceptability and adoption of health information technology. Phase 1 uses concept generation and workflow analysis to identify and address problems or gaps through reviews of literature and other available products, interviews with key stakeholders, site observation, and design thinking workshops to clarify potential end-users and use-cases. In Phase 2, prototypes of the digital tool are developed, user-tested, and iteratively improved. Prototypes include basic (e.g. paper or wireframe) and more complex (e.g., early program iterations) drafts of the tool. The final product of Phase 2 is a “workbook” that serves as a record of design efforts that can inform later designs activities. In Phase 3, developers pilot test the tool to evaluate impact on workflow, usability, and educational needs for scale-up, relying on rapid iterative cycles of pilot testing and intervention refinement. Phase 4 focuses on release and scale-up of the tool. The emphasis in Phase 4 is supporting successful implementation using training and organizational and peer support.