Nguyen N, Bold KW, McClure EA. Urgent need for treatment addressing co-use of tobacco and cannabis: An updated review and considerations for future interventions. Addict Behav. 2024;158:108118. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108118
This narrative review aimed to gain a better understanding of the literature focused on treatments for tobacco and cannabis use. The authors aimed to understand the types of treatments that have been used, highlight promising strategies for future testing, identify areas where further research is needed, and offer suggestions for improving future interventions. To be included, studies had to measure outcomes related to quitting both substances and report usage before and after treatment. Studies focused on only one substance or prevention were excluded.
Nine studies met the criteria, five (56%) were pilot or feasibility single-arm (uncontrolled) studies, three (33%) were randomized controlled trials, and one (11%) was a case series study. Most studies (78%) came from the United States, and nearly all treated tobacco and cannabis use simultaneously, compared to sequentially. Common elements across studies included one-on-one counseling, digital tools for delivering information, and support from trained staff. The most frequently used therapy method was Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, followed by Motivational Interviewing and rewards-based strategies. Treatments often included medication support for tobacco but not for cannabis, as there are no approved medications for cannabis use disorder (as of the publication date).
Most studies focused on adults who used combustible forms like cigarettes or joints. Only one study mentioned e-cigarettes, and few addressed younger populations who may use non-combustible products. Future research should explore new medications for cannabis use and develop tailored approaches for different patterns of use. Addressing gaps in access and effectiveness across different communities is also essential to ensure more equitable treatment outcomes.